“After the Fall

Fall has arrived and the leaves have fallen…or have they!

Trees typically loose their leaves in the fall and signal the changing of seasons. Sometimes the complexities and variability of climate can trick trees into not loosing their leaves. The trees individual circumstances can prevent their leaves from falling.

The primary process at work in leaf drop is abscission. The term abscission is from the Latin, Ab

meaning away, and sciendere, to cut , “ to cut away”. You needn’t wait until fall to see this process in action as it happens all the time in woody plants, every time a flower or piece of fruit falls from a branch. Fall leaf drop is by far the most spectacular example of abscission at work.

Leaf drop and the formation of the abscission layer, a group of cells at the base of each leaf, is controlled largely by day length and its effects on the production of the plant hormone auxin.

Actively growing leaves produce auxins and they are translocated through the petiole and into the branch that the leaf is attached to. The presence of auxin suppresses the cells forming the abscission layer and prevents them from forming. As the leaf ages and day length decreases it reaches a point where it no longer produces enough auxin to suppress the growth of the cells and they expand. This expansion closes off the passage from leaf to stem and the leaf is cut away from the stem. This is the complete process of abscission. Sometimes early frosts, or and late summer rains encouraging new growth, will result in partial leaf drop. This incomplete

abscission is unusual but not unheard of. Typically the leaves eventuality fall off a few weeks later, thwarting our efforts for a timely fall clean up!

The same process allows trees like birches and box elders to loose some of their leaves during times of drought. It is quite normal to see birches loose a noticeable amount of foliage in mid to late summer. Trees that die suddenly due to injury or disease may not lose any of their leaves, this is a diagnostic characteristic of Dutch elm disease.

Evergreens such as spruce and pine do loose there needles continuously through out their lives

typically in the early fall of the year. Most evergreens keep their needles for three seasons. When stressed they may lose many of their second year needles as well.

There are some trees, oaks, beeches and hornbeams, that have developed a different strategy and will retain some of their leaves throughout the winter.This phenomenon is called marcescence. This is very common in younger trees and is there fore considered a juvenile trait, one that some trees grow out of. Marcesesnce may provide some protection from roaming deer and moose that live on buds and trigs through the winter. Buds that are protected from browsing by dead leaves may survive to grow next season. The retained leaves may provide protection from dessication in areas with harsh winter winds. If have trees that have failed to loose their leaves and are concerned with their health contact your Certified Arborist.

Brad Gurr is an I.S.A. Certified Arborist and Plant Health Care Specialist dedicated to the care and preservation of trees. For more information on this subject or any plant health care related questions please feel free to contact on line at gurrb@yahoo.com

Brad Gurr

” Dedicated to the Care and Preservation of Trees”

It’s one of my favorite gardens in the Hudson Valley, because Pepe has such a great eye and they’ve chosen some very unusual plants. And it’s got such great trees. These photos are about three weeks old — the majestic oak trees had just unloaded most of their leaves the night before.

Lots of dahlias were still in bloom.

And Japanes anemones.

A stewartia tree just outside their bedroom.

Another dahlia.

Pepe has containers filled with ‘Endless Summer’ hydrangeas scattered across the property.

She sprinkles a little aluminum sulfate to make them blue instead of the normal pink. In the fall, she digs them up and sinks them in the vegetable garden for the winter. Then she root prunes them in spring and pots them up again. Such a gorgeous color.

A stand of Franklin trees.

I think this is a pepperidge or black gum tree, behind the walled vegetable garden.

A pair of Hawthorne ‘Winter King’ trees.

Here’s a link to a post when I visited this garden in January. You’ll see these trees totally covered in red berries.

Winterberry shrubs/trees, with orange berries:

And beautyberry. What a shade of purple!

And why not combine it with orange berries, just next door?

Another dahlia.

Oak-leaf hydrangea.

Black Fountain Grass ‘Moudry’; I love this one, but someone, Jan Johnsen I think, said to be careful because it can become invasive.

Umbrella pine.

Great together, no?

Lots of Japanese maples.

And tall oaks.

A paperbark maple.

Wonderful bark in winter.

Amsonia, or blue star.

Monkshood, still in bloom.

Pepe clearly has a penchant for the color blue.

‘Blue Chiquita’ salvia, near the indoor lap pool.

Flowers: Replace flowering plants in window boxes and containers with evergreen branches and berries. The containers should be freeze proof.

Vegetables and fruits: Continue to harvest root vegetables and Brussels sprouts, which are especially good with Thanksgiving dinner.

Trees and shrubs: Continue protection of shrubs from deer. Protect shrubs with burlap if they are likely to be damaged by heavy snow. Move containerized shrubs into a protected area if possible.

Lawns: According to many lawn experts, the late November fertilizing is the most important of the year. This application will feed the root system in preparation for strong growth in the spring. Spread according to directions on the fertilizer bag. First, the lawn should be cut short to prevent fungus formation.

Houseplants: Give houseplants as much light as possible. Continue to let up on fertilizing until spring.

General: Other late fall chores to complete before the holiday distractions: drain and hang hoses and turn off outdoor faucets (but try to keep one available for continuous watering of new shrubs and trees during the winter). Clean leaves off roofs and gutters. Stack firewood in a convenient place. Buy stakes to mark driveway for the snowplow. Fill bird feeders.
Susan Henry

“Harvest Centerpiece Garden Workshop
Saturday, November 21, 1PM
Create a Wave Hill-inspired centerpiece for your table that will set the mood for giving thanks for the bounties of the harvest. Arrange fresh greens, cones, fruit and vines around a fragrant beeswax  candle. Assistant Director of Public Programs Laurel Rimmer leads this workshop, providing guidance and inspiration. Registration is required, so be sure to follow the link to our website and register now! The fee is $40 and the workshop starts  at 1PM in Wave Hill House.

Come back in early December for a weekend of Holiday Garden Workshops, on December 5 & 6. On Saturday, pot up an Amaryllis bulb in a terracotta pot, cover with a saucer and decorate your “kit” for a beautiful, unique and environmentally-friendly gift for a winter windowsill. Then on Sunday, select a variety of fresh greens, herbs, spices and other natural materials  to create lush and holiday wreaths and swags. Share the experience with a youngster  special to you: Children 8 and older are welcome at either workshop if accompanied by an adult. Fees, times and other details online, where you can register today before the workshops fill! Online registration will be available starting Wednesday, November 18.

Getting here is easy.
Wave Hill provides free shuttle service between the front gate, Metro-North’s Riverdale station and the #1 subway train at West 242nd Street.  Shuttle schedules, pick-up and drop-off points at wavehill.org.
Purchase a Metro-North Getaway Package from Grand Central Terminal or Harlem-125th Street, and receive discounts on round-trip rail  fare and admission to Wave Hill.

Wave Hill is also accessible by car, MTA Express bus, Metro-North, the A subway to Bx7 bus, #1 subway to Bx7/Bx10 buses.

Hudson Valley Tourism Launches Newly Re-designed Website That Makes Trip-Planning Easier Than Ever!

Worldwide visitors to the Hudson Valley now have a one-stop website that takes them wherever they want to go in one of the most scenic areas of New York State. Hudson Valley Tourism, the I LOVE NEW YORK designated regional promotion agency, has just launched its re-designed Internet site at www.TravelHudsonValley.com . This easy-to-use resource offers information on accommodations, activities, dining, events, group travel and meetings and conventions from the tip of Manhattan to the state capital of Albany.

Visitors to the site will see the most up-to-date information as well as hundreds of photographs showing off the beauty of the Valley. Along the 150 miles of Hudson River, you’ll find accommodations from four-star hotels to campgrounds and gourmet restaurants to casual cafes, with links provided to every site.

Need a plan? Hudson Valley Tourism offers itineraries that keep visitors busy from morning to night, and countless fairs, festivals, performances, and happenings can be found for every season in the navigation-friendly Events section.

Discover museums and historic sites at the touch of a button, and visit over two dozen wineries online. Special features include information for group travel as well as meetings and conventions. Themed brochures such as the Hudson River Waterfront Map, Winery Map, and area travel guides can be ordered free through the site. There’s enough information for visitors to plan countless trips to the Hudson Valley, all at their fingertips.

Hudson Valley Tourism, Inc. is the 10-county region designated by I LOVE NEW YORK to promote tourism for the area. Counties include Albany, Columbia, Dutchess, Greene, Orange, Putnam, Rensselaer, Rockland, Ulster and Westchester. Regional information can be obtained from any of the county tourism offices, the Hudson Valley Tourism website, www.travelhudsonvalley.com, or by calling 845-615-3860.

Dec. 8
White Plains: Greater Westchester Orchid Society Meeting. A speaker on a timely topic relative to orchids, a show table with plants in bloom grown by members of the society, refreshments. Regular monthly meeting; call to confirm. Free. 7 p.m. Ethical Culture Society of Westchester, 7 Saxon Woods Road.  914-428-3028.

Can a great garden sell a house in Bedford? Pepe and John Maynard certainly hope so.

For the last 30 years, they’ve been tending an 8-acre garden that’s considered one of the best private gardens in the Hudson Valley. But now that they’re moving to Massachusetts to be closer to their two sons and four grandchildren, the Hook Road property — garden and all — is on the market for $2.4 million.

(Photos here by our Tania Savayan; I’ll post mine later.)

Along with the enchanting four-season oasis, the buyer gets a four-bedroom contemporary, which the Maynards built as a weekend home in 1973. Of course, it’s not exactly the same as it was back then: In 1984, they added a light-filled master bedroom with his-and-her dressing rooms and bathrooms, and in 1998 — six years after the house became the family’s year-round home — they installed an indoor lap pool. But despite these additions, the home’s big draw remains the garden.

“It’s a very special property, and I think there are people who will get it,” says Diane Weber, one of two listing agents with Houlihan Lawrence. “You stand there in that garden and you think: ‘This is an Impressionist painting.’ ”

“We would love to steer a gardener here,” John says. “I think the hardscaping has been done and they can play with the plant material to their hearts’ content.”

John and Pepe:

The Maynards’ garden and the 4,100-square-foot house, which boasts floor-to-ceiling windows in most of the first-floor rooms, play off each other in every season.

“Every window has a view of the garden,” says Pepe, an accomplished high-end garden designer with clients throughout the Northeast. “When I placed stuff outside, I came inside first to see what it looked like.” The master bedroom addition, for instance, juts right out into the garden.

“If I woke up in that bedroom every day — looking at the gardens and that fabulous view — I’d have such a smile on my face,” says Weber.

Dozens of beautifully crafted stone walls lead out from the house in every direction. A massive bluestone terrace sits outside the dining room, and stone pathways lead visitors to and from the many garden beds.

Raised by two great English gardeners on a 1,000-acre ranch in Kenya, Pepe learned as a child to follow the paths of wild animals through the brush. As a result, she believes in creating walkways that follow “paths of desire,” trails that lead to where your body naturally wants to go.

She also learned the proper Latin botanical names of all the plants in the garden — Callicarpa bodinieri for a beautyberry shrub or Nyssa sylvatica for a black gum tree, for example — at a very young age.

Pepe carved much of the Bedford garden right out of a steep hill that looms over the property, adding a series of graceful terraces and retaining walls to create level spaces for ever-more garden beds that overflow with bulbs, perennials, annuals, grasses, long-blooming shrubs and, most of all, trees.

Over the years, she and John have added hundreds of evergreen shrubs and trees — hemlocks, hollies, umbrella pines, magnolias, spruces, rhododendrons and andromedas — to the oak and dogwood forest that was here when they bought the property in 1969 (they built the house four years later). Seedlings that were mere twigs are now fully grown trees. “There is nothing more beautiful than a tree,” Pepe likes to say.

Tall oaks dominate the whole landscape, and their canopy adds a dramatic verticality that takes your eye up toward the sky. Back on the ground, most of the plants are low-maintenance and fuss-free, so novice gardeners could be at home here, too. “By the time I do everybody else’s garden, there’s no time for my own,” Pepe says.

The property also includes a walled vegetable garden, a heated barn, a greenhouse, a garage, an outdoor pool, a wood shed and a chicken house with raccoon-proof runs around it. All it needs now is another sure-handed gardener to take charge — or, at the very least, an enthusiast who’d be willing to learn.

They were designed in the 1930s by Ellen Biddle Shipman, who was designing the Longue Vue estate in New Orleans about the same time. She did several gardens in Westchester, but I think they’ve all disappeared. Too bad.

Lots of beds of annuals still in bloom. Here, begonias and asters:

False cypress:

Variegated yucca:

Heather:

Lots of stonework.

Love this evergreen. It’s called Japanese cedar.

Small pond.

Stand of bamboo.

Encore azaleas. They’re supposed to bloom three times a year.

I think this is a ginkgo tree.

And a metasequoia (dawn redwood), one of my favorite trees.

Henriette Suhr has several of these in her Chappaqua garden.

This is a deciduous conifer — deer resistant and a very fast grower, especially in wet spots. I planted three this spring and they’ve already grown several feet.

Here’s one from my yard:

Back to Durham, here’s a stand of crepe myrtle, which is not hardy enough for most Hudson Valley gardens.

There’s a lot more water here than I remember as a student. I was always coming to the garden to “study,” then would fall fast asleep on one of the lawns.

Another metasequoia; this one is just about to lose its foliage for winter.

Lots of tropicals in the garden, like these bananas.

More big water.

Lots of late-blooming salvias, my new favorite perennial.

Smallish ordinary annuals for us grow like shrubs in this climate.

Amsonia, or blue star, which has a great yellowish color in fall. This one is deer resistant, too.

A ‘Saratoga’ rose.

A display near the entrance (or exit); doesn’t do a thing for me. In general, I came away pretty disappointed. I know it’s a tough time of year, but I have much better memories of the Duke Gardens. Next time, I’ll aim for an April visit.

“Raking season may be just about over, but the gardeners at White Flower Farm (www.whiteflowerfarm.com) already have their eyes on spring. They have been busy selecting and growing the best and newest plants for the spring planting season. Among their early favorites:

Buddleia ‘Miss Ruby’
A unique color among Buddleias, these vibrant pink blooms perch above silvery foliage on compact, semi-upright plants that don’t set a lot of seed. Developed by the JC Raulston Arboretum, ‘Miss Ruby’ is a great choice for smaller gardens and mixed borders.

Hydrangea Invincibelle£ Spirit
The first Hydrangea arborescens that blooms pink—think of it as a pink version of the popular ‘Annabelle’. The flowers emerge dark, hot pink and mature to rich, clear pink. Plants bloom from early summer until frost on new growth, and the dried flower “mops” remain decorative in winter. Use Invincibelle£ Spirit as low-growing hedge or add it to borders and foundation plantings. The Breast Cancer Research Foundation will receive $1 for each plant sold.

Dianthus Pop Star (‘Devon Esther’)
The Star series of compact Dianthus updates the old-fashioned charm of Garden Pinks with new disease resistance and vigor. Pop Star’s deeply fringed, double flowers—lavender pink with a dark eye—perch above diminutive mounds of gray-green foliage. Bloom, heaviest in spring, continues on and off until fall if deadheaded.

Hosta ‘Empress Wu’
Looking for an impressive and unusual specimen? This tribute to the only female emperor in Chinese history certainly fits the bill. One of the largest Hostas available, dark green ‘Empress Wu’ matures to a height of 4ft in about five years. Flower scapes with light lavender blooms stick their noses just above the foliage.

Zinnia ‘Swizzle Cherry and Ivory’
The plump blossoms of this delectable, bicolor Zinnia are a sweet confection of cherry and vanilla-cream petals on low, bushy plants. Use these swirls of color to decorate containers and trim the edges of sunny borders.

Dahlia Karma Sangria
Dahlia Karma Sangria® is a brilliant combination of salmon pink and vivid yellow. Classified as a semi-cactus flower form, the striking blooms measure 6 inches across. Dahlias in the Karma series make long-lasting cut flowers with sturdy stems.

Petunia Shock Wave Denim
The purple blossoms of this latest entry in the Wave series of small-flowered Petunias gently age to the color of stonewashed jeans, creating a two-tone pattern. This compact and tightly branched, spreading variety is the earliest to flower and blooms into fall. Tip: feed weekly to maximize the show.

Lilium Eyeliner
Developed by a top breeder in the world of lilies, aptly named ‘Eyeliner’ has milky white flowers delicately lined in purple-black. The scented blooms are rather large and face a bit upwards, reflecting its parentage (it’s a hybrid between Asiatic lilies and the Easter Lily). This sturdy plant with beautiful dark green leaves grows 30-36 inches tall and doesn’t need staking.

Thyme ‘Hi-Ho Silver’
As you might guess, this one has brighter white variegation than other silver thymes. It can be used in any recipe calling for the herb, and makes a handsome ornamental plant in beds, lawn, and containers. ‘Hi-Ho Silver’ grows about 6 inches tall and bears pink flowers in midsummer.

Scabiosa atropurpurea ‘Beaujolais Bonnets’
Like the wine it’s named after, these floral pincushions on willowy stems are a rich burgundy red. The white “pins” are protruding stamens. Scabiosa is an enduring perennial, sought after for bouquets.

Echinacea ‘Hot Papaya’
Another exciting double Coneflower, this hybrid from Dutch breeder Arie Blom is the very first in tropical, fiery orange shades. The blooms are uniform in color, resistant to fading, and held on thick, well-branched maroon stems.

White Flower Farm is a family-owned nursery located in northwest Connecticut. Since 1950, they have been gathering, evaluating, growing, and selling a wide range of annuals, perennials, shrubs, vines, bulbs, and houseplants representing the very best varieties from around the world. Plants shipped are true to name, free of disease, and in prime condition for growing. While in the area, stop by White Flower Farm with its five acres of display gardens, or visit www.whiteflowerfarm.com, where you will also find helpful gardening information including a how-to video library. Join our E-mail list for gardening advice and tips, From the Farm monthly newsletter, announcement of events at the White Flower Farm Store, and special offers not in our catalogues or on our Web site.

White Flower Farm—we make your garden grow.

Before you say that the sweet potato vine is tired and overused, hear me out. ‘Midnight Lace’ is different. First of all, it has great color — a dark purplish-black.

(photo from provenwinners.com)

A few dark plants make the colors of other nearby plants pop. And its deeply cut foliage gives it an airy, lacey feel that adds a wonderful grace note to a container.

Growers often send me trial plants to evaluate before they hit the commercial market. Many are duds that go nowhere in my garden, but ‘Midnight Lace’ is, indeed, a winner.

Unlike other sweet potato vines, it doesn’t demand absolute full sun. In June, a problem groundhog completely devoured a container full of ‘Midnight Lace’ and ‘Emerald Lace,’ another sweet potato vine in the Illusion series.

So I moved the pot indoors to my screened-in porch, which gets an hour or two of morning sun and then shade the rest of the day. ‘Midnight Lace’ came through just fine — its light-deprived companion, however, petered out by mid-August.

Here they were earlier in the summer:

‘Midnight Lace’ is also well behaved, unlike other more aggressive sweet potato vines that can overwhelm their growing spaces by the end of the summer. It’s got more of a mounding habit than a drawn-out trailing one typical of most fast-growing annual vines.

‘Midnight Lace’ will definitely be invited back to my garden next spring.